little is known about how the social norms are formed and enforced in online social networks. C. 2008. 1999. All errors remain ours. 2006. Bock et al. 1987. Replicating Online Yankee Auctions to Analyze Auctioneers' and Bidders' Strategies.A. it takes time for network users to learn the mechanism. H3: Experience?C a user??s probability of contribution increases with her experience with the peer-to-peer network. Journal of Economic Literature 43 2 392-436. 1976. reciprocity Wasko and Faraj 2005. A number of experimental studies show that individuals are willing to punish free riders and rewards contributors to encourage reciprocity on others even when the punishment is costly and bears no direct benefits Fehr and Gachter 2000a. The Louis vuitton statistics also reveal that. In the context of peer-to-peer sharing networks. First. J. But in a larger-scale online network. Studies show that the phenomenon pers ists in a variety of settings. L. Management Science Louis Vuitton UK 7 1000-1014. Moreover. S. We control for such individual heteroge neity using a fixed effect model. 2004 . Hawaii. and moreover. i. A. 2000. Leidner eds. lo ve or affection . Freeriding on gnutella revisited: the bell Tolls? IEEE Distributed Systems Online 6 6 1109-1140. requires an incentive mechanism to enforce. 2004. The need for using such a reward and punishment mechanism is at the greatest when the network is overwhelmed with free riders and at the lowest when the network has a sufficient number of contributors. Why do users contribute to firm-hosted user communities? The case of computer-controlled music instruments. we find that the coefficient on the interaction term between wa it time and download activity is positive H6 . Emerson. In the context of a music sharing network. J. In one-to-one interactions. while in a public goods game with peer punishment individuals?? contribution levels gradually increase to a higher equilibrium level. While we do not observe these variables in our peer-to-peer network. The information allows individuals to reciprocat e based on others?? cooperative status . it takes time for Louis Vuitton UK Shop users to learn the mechanism..-N. It is what one does: why people pa rticipate and help others in electronic communities of practice. Peer-to-peer file sharing and the market for digital information goods. That is. L. Shah. Roth and John Kagel. Instead. Individual behavior is little influenced by the presence of contributors who have never downloaded from the network. Shah. little is known about how these mltiple music files in a given day. and a comment on suicide terrorism. Constant. Casadesus-Masanell. S. on average. Sharpe. The sequential prisoner??s dilemma: evidence on reciprocation. we focus on changes in individual contribution behavior and identi fy how social environments influence such changes. The information allows individuals to reciprocat e based on others?? cooperative status . The resu lts indicate that indire ct reciprocity is a dynamic social force as individual behaviors are significantly influen ced by others?? behavior in a social network. As such. The advent of online marketplace makes indir ect reciprocity an important consideration Novak and Sigmund 2005 . Raghu T. They show that individuals will punish others even if the enfor cement is costly and brings no benefits to the Louis vuitton uk enforcer.. Indirect reciprocity in this case makes individuals behave as ??conditional cooperators?? Ostrom 2000 . They show that individuals will punish others even if the enfor cement is costly and brings no benefits to the enforcer. E. there might exist alternative explanations for the behaviors. S. 2007 using snapshots of network interactions suggest that indirect reciprocity could exist in a variety of virtual communities. We discuss the theo retical foundation of private contribution to public goods in the next section. 1990. Familiarity. Gachter. E. Herbsleb. In the context of social networks. Emerson. Gachter. Reputational incentives include special titles such as ??senior member??. particularly with number of observed contributors and free riders in the network. could be a double-edged sword. we do not know the process through Louis Vuitton Official social environment influences individuals. et c.-W. In the context of a music sharing network. Prior studies show that individuals could also be motivated to contribute out of altr uism and other concerns.. E. C. Tang. H4: Reputational incentives - A user??s probability of contribution increases after she receives special title in recognition of her contribution activities. reciprocity Wasko and Faraj 2005. P. We also find evidence that reciprocity is not the same towards all contributors. and K.. Xia et al. Harvard University Press. and pure altruism wher e an individual contributes out of the concerns of others?? welfare. Herbsleb. and Walkerdine. Smith. In the context of music sharing networks.5:1. A foundation for the study of group decision support Louis Vuitton Outlet Official 1968. References Alexander. Gu. B. Y. J. These motivations include reputation Wasko and Faraj 2005 . Extant research has identified a variety of factors that motivate user contributions to online social networks. 1996. and J. The discussion suggests that self-interests ma nifest as a moderating effect between wait time and download needs on individuals?? propensity for contribution. R. Journal of Management Information Systems 24 1 5-12. Smith. To develop an empirical hypothesis from the self-interest theory. L.. some contributors are undercover employees of viral ma rketing firms that intend to promote certain music groups or artists instead of benefiting the community.